This variation represents one of the many places where the Textus Receptus deviates from the broad consensus of Greek manuscripts (for inclusion of οπισω μου see below, including C2 D E L M U Z Γ Ω 047 055 0211 33 [+1345 mss] b h l* sy-[s].c.h** sa-mss bo-mss). For another relatively significant deviation of the Textus Receptus from the consensus text, cf. the note on Matt 3:11.
A higher regard for the interpretation of the text over the text itself caused οπισω μου to be removed from in between the words υπαγε and Σατανα in a number of witnesses (ℵ B C*vid K P S V W Δ Σ 0233 f1.13 565 579* 700 892*vid [+145 mss] f k vg sy-p sa-ms mae1 bo; Ir-latvid Tert Or Hil). The same motivation may have caused orthodox scribes to remove υπαγε οπισω μου Σατανα from Luke 4:8 (ℵ B D L W Ξ f1 33 205 579 700 788 892* 2542 pc lat sy-s.p sa bo-pt), although the disruption there could have been caused by the command appearing before the end of Jesus' temptation in Luke's account.
Wettstein (1:272–3) demonstrates, beginning with Origen, the early and widespread notion that Jesus could not have said υπαγε οπισω μου to Satan, because (so Pseudo-Ignatius) it was impossible for Satan to turn and follow him, and (so Victor) because it is a good thing to be behind Jesus, and (so Jerome) because Jesus would not censure the Apostle Peter and Satan with the same words. Jerome even interprets Matt 16:23 in such a way that has Jesus directing the word υπαγε to the Devil, namely, "Go away," and υπαγε οπισω μου to Peter, namely, "follow my way." Wettstein charges: "It appears that this emendation [i.e., omission] arose from the cleverness of Origen, who also has deleted the words οπισω μου from unwilling manuscripts at Luke 4:8." Matthäi (54–5) similarly states: "I believe that οπισω μου was removed lest it appear that Peter and the Devil received the same response," and that although Euthymius Zigabenus thinks that Matthew did not write οπισω μου but that Luke did, according "to the other Greek interpreters οπισω μου should be removed both in Matthew and in Luke." Matthäi notes the Catena to Mark 8:33 that says: "But to Satan when he was tempting Jesus he did not say, 'Go behind me, Satan,' but 'Go, Satan;' but to Peter (Mark 8:33) while he was still a sinner, and therefore not yet behind Jesus, he said, ' Go behind me, Satan,' that is, 'follow me.'" Matthäi rightly argues, "But surely, if υπαγε οπισω μου signifies nothing but ακολουθει μοι ['follow me'], by no means would Christ have spoken such to the Devil." Many scribes and interpreters reasoned similarly and thus removed the words. Wettstein also notes the ludicrousness of Jesus commanding Satan to follow him.
Thus with good reason Griesbach (36–9) states that "the reading οπισω μου, inasmuch as it is more difficult, rougher, and more unusual, altogether must be preferred over the other, which by the omission of these words proves that some readers plucked out a scruple that was vexing to them," and that the οπισω μου is supported by "witnesses of the most diverse kind, conspiring among themselves in a friendly manner." Griesbach continues, "For we know that already Origen and Pseudo-Ignatius, whom Victor, Euthymius, Jerome, and others followed thereafter, were of this opinion, that υπαγειν οπισω τινος did not signify anything other than ακολουθειν τινι, and thus by a deliberate and judicious plan Jesus indeed said to Peter (Matt 16:23) υπαγε οπισω μου σατανα, but to the tempter υπαγε σατανα, without this addition. I voluntarily grant that the shorter reading was rather widely propagated especially due to the authority of Origen." Furthermore, Griesbach correctly states that the omission predates Origen, since Irenaeus and Tertullian do not quote the words, and thus Origen cannot be said to have created the omission, contrary to Wettstein's special pleading.
Kühnöl (100–01) concurs that the words were deleted "by those interpreters to whom the formula υπαγω οπισω μου did not appear to signify anything other than ακολουθειν τινι, and who therefore thought that indeed Jesus rightly could say to Peter in Matt 16:23, υπαγω οπισω μου Σατανα, but not however to that insidious one." He further judges that υπαγε οπισω μου actually stands for υπαγε απ εμου και ουκετι ακολουθει οπισω μου ['depart from me and no longer follow after me'], for "never does the formula υπαγε οπισω μου signify, 'Go behind me,' but οπισω μου rather indicates 'withdrawal' or 'departure' on account of the added word υπαγειν, neither even did Jesus command Peter, as Beza advises at Mark 8:33, to follow him from behind; for he who follows us from behind certainly does not depart. The opposite formula is spoken below in verse 19: δευτε οπισω μου, 'go after/behind me,' that is, 'follow me.' And so the words υπαγε οπισω μου denote: 'depart, get out of my sight' (geh mir aus den Augen), 'get thou away from me;' moreover this reading, inasmuch as it is the more difficult and is fortified by the authority of more than enough manuscripts, was very rightly received in succession by Griesbach, Matthäi, Knapp, Vaterus, and Scholz."
In short, there is no plausible reason why scribes would have wanted to add what most ancient commentators thought Jesus could not or would not have said to Satan, and consequently the motive was present and the temptation great for many to remove the words, not add them (from Matt 16:23). Finally, the presence of the words both here and in regard to Peter was a purposeful tactic to reveal to the reader the seriousness of Peter's improper motives. Cf. also Burgon (Traditional Text, 169–70) for many patristic citations and sources.
Text und Textwert #9 results:
1 υπαγε οπισω μου σατανα
04C2 05 07 019 021 030 035 036 045 047 055 0211 2 3 4C 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24C 26 28 29 30 31 33 35 37 38 40C 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61T 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 71 73 74 75 76 77 78 80 83 84 86 89 90 98 99 100 105 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 117 118S 119 120 121 122 123C 125 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135S 137 138 140 141 142 143 144 146 147 149 150 151C 152 153 155 156 157 160 162 163 165 167 170 171 174 178 179 180 182 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 195 198 199 200 201 202 204 205 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 217 218 219 220 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 243 244 245 246 247 248 251 259 260 261 262C 263 266 267 269 270 272 274 275 276 277C 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 290 291 293 296 297 298 299 300 301 303 304 305 306 310 324 329 330 331 333 343 344 345 346 348 349 350S 351 352 353 354 355 358 359 360 361 363 364 365 367 370 371 373 374 375C 376 377 380 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 402 405 406 408C 409 410 411C 412 413 414 415 418 419 422 423 428 431 435 438 439 440 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 470 471 473 475 476 477 479 480 482 483 484 485 489C 490 491 492 493 494 495 496C 497 498 500 501 504 505 506 508 509 510 511 512 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 529 530 532 534 535 537 543C 544 547 548C 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 560 561 563 564* 566C 568 569 571 573 574 575 577 578 579C 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 590 591C 592 596 597 645 649 651 655 657 660 662 664 666 668 672 676 677C 679 680 683 684 685 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 696 697 703 706 708 709 711 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 722 723 724* 725 726 727 728 729 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 740 741 744 745 746 747 750 751 752 753 754 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 765 766 768S 769 772S 773 774 775 776 778 779 780C 781 782 783 785 786 787 789S 790 791 792 794 795 796 797 798 799 801 803 804 806 808 811 817 818 819 820 822 824 825 827 828 830S 833 834 835 836 839C 842 843 844 845 851 852 854 855 856 858 860 861 863 864 871C 872C 873 875 877 878 880 886 888 889 890 891 892C 893 895 896C 899C1 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 948 949 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 978 979 980 982 983 986 987 988 989 992 994C 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1023 1024 1025 1026 1029 1030 1032 1033 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042S 1043 1044 1046 1047S 1048 1050 1052 1053 1054S 1057C 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1068 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078C 1081 1082 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1095 1096 1097 1110 1111 1113 1114 1117 1120 1121 1122 1123 1125 1126 1127 1131 1132 1133 1136 1137 1138 1139 1144 1145 1146 1148 1149 1152 1155 1158 1159 1160 1163 1164 1165 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1173 1174 1179 1180 1181 1182 1185 1186 1187C 1188 1189 1190 1191C 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200S 1202 1203 1204 1207 1208 1209C 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219C 1221C 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238C 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1247 1248 1250 1251 1252 1253 1260 1261 1262 1263 1266 1268 1269 1273 1278 1279 1280 1282 1285 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1294 1296 1297 1298 1299 1301 1302 1305 1309 1310S 1312 1314C 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1322 1323 1324 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1333C 1334 1335 1336 1338 1339 1340 1341 1345 1346 1350 1352 1353 1354 1356 1357 1358 1359 1362 1364 1365 1367 1375 1377 1383 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1406 1408 1409 1410 1413 1414S 1415 1416 1418 1420 1421 1424 1432 1434 1435 1436 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1454 1455S 1456 1457 1460C 1461 1462 1463 1465 1466 1467 1468 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483C 1484 1485 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498C 1499 1501 1502 1503 1505 1506 1508 1510 1511 1519 1521 1528 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1539 1540 1541 1542C 1543 1544 1545 1547 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1563 1570 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581C 1582C 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589C 1590 1591 1592 1594 1595 1597 1600 1601 1602 1604 1605 1606 1608 1609 1613 1615 1617 1620 1622 1623 1624 1625 1628 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1637 1639 1641 1642 1643 1645 1646 1647 1649 1651 1652 1653 1660 1661 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1670 1671 1675 1676 1678 1680 1682 1685 1686 1687 1688 1690 1691C 1692 1693 1694 1695 1697 1698 1699 1700 1702 1703 1704 1712 1713 1780 1797 1800 1802 1808 1813 1814 1816 1823 1901 1966 2095 2097 2099 2107 2112 2117 2118 2120 2122 2123 2127 2131 2132 2135 2141 2142 2146 2147 2148 2159 2172 2173C 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2182 2191 2193C 2195 2201 2204S 2206 2207 2213 2215 2217 2220 2221 2229 2236 2238 2255 2260 2261 2263 2265 2266 2273 2277 2278 2280 2281 2283 2284 2290S 2291 2292 2295 2296 2297 2301 2304 2306 2314C 2315 2317 2322 2323 2324 2328 2352 2354 2355 2356 2367 2369C 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2382 2383 2386 2387 2388 2390 2394 2397 2400 2404 2405 2406 2407 2414 2420 2422 2426 2430 2439 2442 2444 2446 2450 2451 2452 2454 2458 2465 2467 2470 2471 2472 2475 2476 2477 2478 2482 2483 2487 2488 2489 2490 2492 2494 2496 2497 2499 2502 2503 2508 2509 2510 2511 2518 2520 2521 2523 2524 2525 2528S 2530 2533 2539 2545 2546 2550 2554 2555 2557 2561 2562 2567 2577 2578 2579 2581 2583 2590S 2591S 2592 2598 2603 2604C 2605 2606 2608S 2610 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2620 2622 2623 2624 2633 2635 2636 2637C 2645 2646* 2650 2651S 2653 2656 2658 2660 2665 2666 2670 2673 2676 2685 2687 2689S 2691 2692 2693S 2694 2695 2697 2701S 2702 2703 2705 2706 2707 2709S 2710 2713 2714 2715 2718 2721 2724 2726 2727 2728S 2729 2730 2734 2735 2745 2749 2753 2756 2757 2760 2765 2766 2767 2770 2773 2774 2775 2779 2780 2781 2786 2788C 2806 2808 2809 2810 2812C 2831 2835 2836
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1348
1B υπαγε μου σατανα
1191*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1
2 υπαγε σατανα
01 03 04* 017 024 028 031 032 037 042 0233 1 4* 6 13 14 22 24* 27* 34 36 39 40* 61L 72 114 123* 124 136 148 151* 158 161 164 169 173 183 194 196 240 262* 265 268 271 273 277* 278 289 334 372 375* 379 399 408* 411* 420 461 472 478 481 489* 496* 507 513 527 528 543* 546 548* 564C 565 566* 579* 591* 600 677* 699 700 707 724C 730 755 777 780* 788 793 809 826 837 839* 871* 872* 892* 896* 899* 899C2 947 951 994* 1057* 1078* 1079 1080 1083 1118 1135 1166 1172 1178 1187* 1205 1206 1209* 1219* 1221* 1238* 1281 1303 1313 1314* 1321 1325 1333* 1347 1355 1422* 1422C2 1438 1452 1458 1460* 1464S 1470 1478 1483* 1486 1498* 1542* 1546 1581* 1582* 1589* 1603 1629 1640 1672 1691* 2101 2109 2126 2133 2173* 2181 2193* 2199 2224 2267 2287 2314* 2321 2362* 2369* 2381 2411 2415 2479 2507 2516 2559S 2571 2585 2604* 2637* 2646C 2680 2684 2708 2737 2754 2812*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 180
3 υπαγε οπισω σατανα
27C 51 1272 1422C1 2362C
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 5
4 υπαγε σατανα οπισω μου
652 2223 2474
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 3
5 σατανα
2788*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1
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