Matt 6:34 τα

A good number of manuscripts (and most modern editors of the Greek NT) omit the article τα before εαυτης (ℵ B G L S W Ω 0211 [Byz ca. 150 mss] 892. 2224* co), either by accident or, more likely, because it seemed either superfluous or even slightly obnoxious to the meaning. Most manuscripts, however, retain the article (including E K M N U Δ Π Σ Φ 0233 [Byz ca. 1350 mss] f1.13 33. 1424. 2224c sy-h).
     Mill (Prolegomena, § 1192) rejects the article with the simple words, "τα εαυτης is more elegant, not more genuine," while Griesbach (Commentarius, 1:75–6) is the best exponent for omitting the article: "Instead of τα εαυτης old and good manuscripts have εαυτης, and it seems that this reading should be preferred, inasmuch as it is harder, less usual, and so situated that the origin of all the others may easily be derived from it. Certainly, by reason of clarification, εαυτης was altered into εαυτη (17. 485; cf. 6:25), into περι εαυτης ([Δ]; Chrysostom; cf. 6:28 and Luke 12:26), into εαυτην (700; cf. Phil 4:6), and into τα εαυτης (cf. 1 Cor 7:32, 33, 34). If τα εαυτης, which should not have appeared obscure or ambiguous to anyone, had been written originally, scarcely should anyone have thought about altering the text."
     Griesbach's analysis provokes two considerations. First, it overlooks the tendency of scribes to omit material, both short words for no apparent reason and also longer stretches of text either by haplography or for no apparent reason (accidental "leaps" forward). Cf. the literature cited in the note on Matt 1:22 του. Second, Griesbach's analysis overlooks the fact that some people (e.g., Erasmus, below) do in fact see no difference between the expression with or without the article. That is, if both τα εαυτης and just εαυτης were thought to mean simply "itself" (so Erasmus, 2:36), then the article τα may have been thought unnecessary and for this reason omitted by some. Bloomfield (1:50–51), while conceding that internal evidence is against the presence of τα, since "an expression is not to be brought in which is quite contrary to propriety of language," he nevertheless judges that the τα could have been omitted by hesitant critics who balked at the idea of a "complete action being ascribed to a thing, as discharging the business and consulting for cares of the day." In other words, the proverb sounded better and less odd in the form of "Tomorrow will take care of itself" rather than "Tomorrow will take care of its own things/possessions." Thus most of the various readings mentioned by Griesbach (to which may be added το εαυτης [Θ 565] and αυτης [B L]) may be seen as alterations away from the idea of the day possessing things to worry about or take care of and toward the proverbial day taking care of itself.
     That the proverb existed very early without the article is demonstrated, e.g., by the apocryphal 3d-century Acta Thomae 28 (Maximilian Bonnet, Acta apostolorum apocrypha, [2 vols. in 4 parts; Lipsiae: Hermannum Mendelssohn, 1891–1903] 2.2:144). It also seems that the proverb circulated without the entire clause in question, i.e., as μη (ουν) μεριμνατε (-νησητε) περι της αυριον· αρκετον γαρ τη ημερα η κακια αυτης  (cf. Clement of Alexandria, Paedagogus 1.5 [PG 8:269B]; Chrysostom, Homliae in Matthaeum 22 [PG 57:303]). Because Matt 6:34 is without parallel in the Synoptics, if the entire clause happened to go missing in an early exemplar (either by intentional pruning, by accident, or by following some fathers), later attempts to restore the clause (from other Greek manuscripts, versions, or, more precarious still, other fathers) could have contributed to some of the confusion observed in the manuscript tradition.

Matt 6:6 εν τω φανερω

As in Matt 6:4, after αποδωσει σοι some witnesses (ℵ B D Z f1 [+20 mss] aur ff1 k vg sy-s.c co; Or Eus) do not have the expression εν τω φανερω, which is retained in most Greek witnesses, the Old Latin, and Peshitta Syriac (including E G K L M S U W X Δ Θ Π Σ Φ Ω 047 055 0211 0257 f13 33 399 461 565 566 892 1080 1424 1500 2224 [+1425 mss] it sy-p.h). For explanation on why the expression came to be omitted in some (e.g., it appeared difficult, less orthodox, and different from the wording of 6:18), see note on Matt 6:4 εν τω φανερω.


Text und Textwert #18 results:

1    σοι εν τω φανερω
07 011 017 019 021 028 030 032 033 037 038 041 042 043 045 047 055 0211 0257 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 36 37 39 40 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 80 83 84 86 89 90 98 99 100 105 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 114 116 117 118C 119 120 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135S 137 138 140 141 142 143 144 146 147 149 150 151 152 153 154C 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 167 169 170 171 173 174 175 178 179 180 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 198 199 200 201 202 204 207 208 210 211 212 213 214 215 217 218 219 220 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 240 243 244 245 246 247 248 251 259 260 261 262 263 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 293 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 303 304 305 306 310 324 329 330 331 333 334 335 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 355 358 359 360 361 363 364 365 366 367 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 379 380 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 399 402 405 408 410 411 412 413 414 415 417 418 419 420 422 423 428 431 435 438 439 440 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 461 470 471 473 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 500 501 504 505 506 507 509 510 511 512 513 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 527 528 529 530 532 534 535 537 543 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 560 561 563 564 565 566 568 569 571 574 575 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 591 592 594 595 597 600 645 649 651 652 655 657 660C 662 663 664 666 668 672 676 677 679 680 683 684 685 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 696 697 699 700 703 706 707 708 711 713 714 715 716 717 718 720 722 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 734 735 738 740 741 744 745 746 747 750 751 752 753 754 755 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 765 766 768S 769 772S 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786S 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794S 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 803 804 805 806 808 809 811 817 818 819 820 822 824 825 826 827 828 830 833 834 835 836 839 843 844 845 851 852 854 855 856 858 860 861 863 864 867 873 875 877 878 880 881 886 888 889 890 892 893 895 896 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 948 949 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 978 979 980 982 983 986 987 988 989 991 992 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011C 1012 1013 1014 1015 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1023 1024 1025 1026 1028 1029 1030 1032 1033 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042S 1043 1044 1046 1047S 1048 1050 1052 1053 1054S 1056 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1068 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1095 1096 1097 1110 1111 1113 1114 1117 1118 1120 1121 1122 1123 1125 1126 1127 1130 1131 1132 1133 1135 1136 1138 1139 1144 1145 1146 1148 1149 1152 1155 1158 1159 1160 1163 1164 1165 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1247 1248 1250 1252 1260 1261 1262 1263 1266 1268 1269 1272 1273 1278 1279 1280 1281 1282 1285 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1296 1297 1298 1299 1301 1303 1305 1309 1310S 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1333 1334 1335 1336 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1345 1346 1347 1348 1350 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1362 1364 1365 1367 1375 1377 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1413 1414S 1415 1418 1420 1421 1422 1424 1432 1434 1435 1436 1438 1439 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1460 1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1470 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1505 1506 1508 1510 1511 1519 1521 1528 1530 1531 1532 1533 1535 1536 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542C 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1562 1563 1564 1570 1572 1573 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582C 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1594 1595 1597 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1609 1613 1615 1616 1617 1620 1622 1623 1624 1625 1628 1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1637 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1645 1646 1647 1649 1651 1652 1653 1659 1660 1661 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1670 1671 1672 1675 1676 1677 1678 1680 1682 1685 1686 1687 1688 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1712 1713 1780 1797 1800 1802 1804 1808 1813 1814 1816 1823 1901 1966 2095 2097 2099 2101 2107 2108 2109 2112 2117 2118 2120 2122 2123 2127 2131 2132 2133 2135 2139 2141 2142 2146 2147 2148 2159 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2181 2182 2191 2193 2195 2199 2201 2204 2213 2215 2217 2220 2221 2223 2224 2229 2236 2255 2260 2261 2263 2265 2266 2267 2273 2277 2278 2280 2281 2283 2284 2287 2290S 2291 2292 2295 2296 2297 2301 2304 2307 2314 2315 2317 2321 2322 2323 2324 2352 2354 2355 2356 2362 2367 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2381 2382 2383 2386 2387 2388 2390 2394 2396 2397 2398 2400 2404 2405 2406 2407 2411 2414 2415 2420 2422 2426 2430 2439 2442 2444 2446 2451 2452 2454 2458 2460 2465 2470 2471 2472 2474 2476 2477 2478 2479 2482 2483 2487 2488 2489 2490 2492 2494 2496 2497 2499 2502 2503 2507 2508 2509 2510 2511 2515 2518 2520 2521 2523 2524 2525 2528S 2530 2533 2539 2545 2546 2549 2550 2551 2554 2555 2557 2559S 2561 2562 2567 2571 2577 2578 2579 2581 2583 2585 2586 2590 2591 2592 2598 2603S 2604 2605 2606 2608S 2610 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2620 2622 2623 2624 2633 2634 2635 2636 2637 2645 2646 2650 2653 2656 2658 2660 2665 2670 2673 2676 2680 2684 2685 2687 2689 2691 2692 2693S 2694 2695 2702 2703 2705 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2713 2714 2715 2718 2721 2722 2724 2726 2727 2728S 2729 2730 2734 2735 2737 2745 2749 2754 2756 2757 2760 2765 2766 2767 2770 2774 2775 2779 2780 2781 2786C 2787 2788 2806 2809 2810 2812 2819 2831 2836
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1462

1B    σοι εν τω φανανερω
136
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

1C    σοι εν φανερω
409
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

2    σοι
01 03 05 035 1 5 22 118* 148 205 209 406 544 660* 871 1011* 1057 1166 1192 1251 1321 1542* 1582* 2126 2328 2516 2701S 2786* 2808
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 29

3    εν τω φανερω
38 590
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 2

V    Omission of και ο πατηρ to αποδωσει σοι
154* 354 596 719 723 733 737 842 1137 1302 1803 2100 2206
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 13

Matt 6:5 αν

After οπως a minority of witnesses omit the superfluous particle αν (ℵ Β D K L Z Π* Ω f1.13 33 1424 al; Or Chr), but most retain it (including E M S U W Δ Θ Π1 Σ Φ 28 565 700 1241). Griesbach (1:66) writes: "[The particle] αν either arose from the ΦΑΝωσι immediately following or was omitted on account of the word itself, whether by a scribe easily skipping over a particle introduced merely to take up space, it being useless, or through eagerness to avoid cacophony, or because in vs. 2 οπως and in vs. 16 the very same οπως φανωσι appear without αν. Therefore, arguments are not lacking with which αν may be defended." Von Soden (1:1424) similarly judges: "The omission of αν after οπως (cf. 6:2, 16) is secondary, since there is no conceivable reason for K [i.e., the Koine tradition] to have inserted αν only here."
      The construction οπως αν is relatively rare in the NT, being used only four times elsewhere (Luke 2:35; Acts 3:20; 15:17; Rom 3:4), two of which within LXX quotations. In Matt 6:16 only a few manuscripts (Δ pc) add αν after οπως (probably in conformation to 6:5), as similarly happens in 23:35 (ℵ2 C2 Mmg 33 pc). A number of the primary witnesses that omit αν here also omit it elsewhere in Matthew: 5:18 (B*); 5:26 (33 pc); 12:20 (L X pc); 12:50 (D pc); 24:34 (ℵ 1241 pc); 24:43 (D 33 pc). Furthermore, the particle αν is likely original in Matt 6:5 due to its being omitted by some for the following reasons: (1) accident, of which kind this especially characterizes the early period (cf. note on Matt 1:22 του), and aided by the possibility of initial homoeoteleuton error (αν . . . αν, producing οπως ανωσιν), which later was easily corrected by adding Φ in view of 6:2, 16; (2) it was thought superfluous; (3) conformation to 6:2, 16, where it is absent; (4) the rarity of the expression οπως αν (4x in the NT) yielded to the more general usage without αν (more than 50x in the NT); (5) the sound ΑΝΦΑΝ- was thought undesirable (cf. Griesbach above).

Matt 6:4 εν τω φανερω

After the words αποδωσει σοι, the inclusion of the words εν τω φανερω predominates in most Greek, Old Latin, and Syriac manuscripts (E K L M S U W Δ Θ Π Σ Φ Ω 055 0211 0250 0257 f13 [+1410 mss] it sy-s.p.h), but some witnesses do not have them (ℵ B D Z f1 33 [+80 mss] aur ff1 k vg sy-c co; Or). See the note on Matt 6:6 εν τω φανερω, where even more manuscripts (1466) include the words and less (29) exclude them. In 6:18, however, the situation is reversed, and only a minority of manuscripts add the expression. On this basis alone Meyer (141) judges that it "should be retained in vv. 4 and 6, but in ver. 18 it is an interpolation, and ought to be deleted."
     Erasmus (2:30) follows Augustine who, although finding the words in many Old Latin copies but apparently not in the Greek (i.e., probably the Latin Vulgate which Jerome revised according to the Greek), rejects the words. Zahn (264–5) mirrors Bengel (Gnomon, 1:187) who says that the words were added "from a fear that the words might have otherwise been rendered, 'Thy Father, who seeth that, shall reward thee in secret.'" But this construal of the text (if indeed it was ever so construed) presents no theological disturbance; in fact, it accords perfectly with what one might expect after the strong denunciation of public reward in 6:2, 5, 16 and thus should not have invited alteration.
     On the other hand, there are several reasons why the expression might have been expunged, first and foremost due to the theological irritation it could incite. Wettstein (1:320–21) writes: "Augustine (on the Lord's sermon on the mount): 'Many Latin exemplars have "openly" [palam] here. But since we do not find "openly" in the Greek ones, which are earlier, we did not think that here should be any different.' Unless I am mistaken, this reading, as are many others, is owed to the ingenuity of Origen, to whom it did not seem consistent that those who are commanded to shun showing off and to give bountifully in secret should be promised a public reward, which generally excites those who show off. But it was meant to distinguish the glory which is from God from the glory which is from men. One must strive for the former, not the latter. John 5:44; Rom 2:7; Matt 25:31, 34; Luke 14:14; 1 Cor 3:13; 4:8; 2 Cor 5:10; 1 Pet 5:4. Again, Augustine appears to have meant the Greek manuscripts of the version of Jerome who was accustomed to follow Origen. And so there is no reason why the reading should have satisfied Erasmus and Bengel." Fritzsche (259), who suggests that the expression belongs in all three passages (6:4, 6, 18), echoes Wettstein's explanation and also adds that some ancient critics could have omitted the expression due to their dislike of it being repeated so many times, but this latter explanation hardly explains why some would have omitted every occurrence of it. It is also possible that some thought to harmonize the text of 6:4, 6 to that of 6:18, where most manuscripts do not have the expression.
     Therefore, the predominating external support for εν τω φανερω in 6:4, 6 is corroborated by strong internal reasons explaining why some omitted it: it appeared difficult, less orthodox, and different from the wording of 6:18. At the same time, it represents a perfect Hebraic technique (antithesis) and is just what one might expect Matthew to have written.


Text und Textwert #17 results:

1    αυτος αποδωσει σοι εν τω φανερω
07 017 021 028 032 037 041 042 043 045 055 0211 0257 2 3 6 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 23 25 28 29 30 34 35 36 37 39 40 43 44 46 49 51 52 53 54 55 61 63 64 65 66 70 71 72 73 74 75* 76 77 78 80 83 84 89 98 99 100 105 106 107 108 109 111 112 113C 114 117 119 120 122 123 125 126 127 128 129 132 134 137 138 140 141 142 147 150 151 152 153 154C 155 158 159 160 161 163 164 165 167 169 170 171 175 178 180 182 185C 186 192 193 194 195 198 199 200 201 202 204 207 208 210 211 212 213 215 217 219 224 225 226 227 228 229 232 234 235 236 237 245 246 248C 251 259 260 261 262 263 265 266 268 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 290 291 293 296 297 298 299 300 301 310 324 330 331 335 343 344 345 347 349 350 351 352 353 355 358 359 360 361 363 365C 366 367 372 373 374 375 376 380 386 387 388 389 390 391 393 394 399 402 405 406 408 409 410 411 412 414 415 419 420 422 431 438 439 443 444 445 446 448 461 471 473 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 489 491 492 495 496 497 498 500 501 504 505 507 509 510 511 512 513 516C 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 527 528 530 534 537 546 547 548 550 551 553 554 555 558 560 561C 563 564 565 566 571 574 575 578 579 580 581 583 584 586 587 588 590 591C 592 594 600 645 649 652 655 660C 662 663 664 666 668 672 677 680 683 684 685 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 697 699 703 706 707 708 711 713 714 715 716 717 718 720 722 724 727 729 738 741 744 745 746 747 750 751 752 753 754 755 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 768S 769 772S 773 774 777 778 779 780 782 783 784 785 786S 787 789 791 794S 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 803 804 805 806 809 811 819 820 822 824 827 830 833 834 835 836 839 843 845 851 852 855 858 861 864 867 875 877 880 881C 886 888 890 893 895 896 898 899 900 902 903 904 905 906 922 923 924 925 928 930 932 933 935 937 938 939 940 941 942 944 945 946 948 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 960 961 962 963 965 966 968 969* 971 973 975 978 979 982 986 988 989 991 992 994 995 997 998 999 1000 1001 1003 1004 1005 1007 1008 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1017 1018 1020 1023 1024 1025 1026 1029 1030 1032 1033 1036 1038 1039 1040 1041 1046 1047S 1048 1050 1052 1054S 1056 1058 1059 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1068 1071 1072 1073 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1083 1086 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1095 1096 1097 1110 1111 1114 1117 1118 1120 1121 1122 1123 1125 1126 1127 1131 1132 1133 1135 1136 1139 1144 1145 1146 1148 1149 1152 1155 1158 1163 1165 1167 1168 1169 1171 1172 1173 1174 1179 1180 1181 1182 1185 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1210 1211 1212 1213 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1221 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1232 1233 1234 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1248 1250 1251 1252 1260 1261 1262 1266 1268 1269 1272 1273 1278 1281 1282 1289 1290 1293 1294 1296 1297 1298 1299 1303 1305 1309 1310S 1312 1313 1315 1317 1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1334 1335 1336 1338 1339 1340 1341 1343 1345 1346 1347 1348 1351 1355 1359 1362 1364 1365 1367 1377 1384 1385 1388 1389 1390 1392 1394 1395 1397 1400 1401 1402 1404 1407 1408 1409 1410 1414S 1418 1420 1432 1434 1435 1436 1438 1439 1441 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1451 1452 1456 1457 1460 1461 1462 1464S 1466 1467 1468 1470 1471 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1481 1482 1483 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500 1501 1502 1503 1505 1508 1510 1511 1521 1528 1530 1531 1532 1533 1536 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542C 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1550 1551 1552 1555 1556 1559 1560 1562 1564 1570 1572 1573 1575 1576 1577 1579 1580 1581 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1594 1597 1600 1603 1604 1605 1606 1609 1613 1615 1616 1617 1620 1622 1624 1628 1629 1632 1633 1634 1635 1637 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1645 1646 1647 1649 1652 1653 1659 1660 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1671 1672 1675 1676 1677 1678C 1680 1682 1686 1687 1688 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1697 1698 1699 1700 1702 1703 1704 1712 1713 1800 1802 1804 1808C 1813 1816 1823 1901 2095 2097 2099 2112 2118 2120 2122 2127 2131 2132 2133 2135 2141 2142 2147 2159 2172 2173 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2181 2193 2195 2201 2204 2213 2215 2217 2221 2223 2229 2236 2255 2260 2261 2263 2265 2266 2267 2273 2277 2278C 2280 2281 2287 2290S 2292 2296 2297 2307 2314 2315 2321 2322 2323 2324 2328 2352 2354 2355 2356C 2362 2367 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373* 2374 2381 2382 2383 2386 2387 2388 2390 2394 2396 2397 2398 2400 2404 2405 2406 2407 2411 2414 2415 2420 2422 2426 2430 2439 2442 2444 2451 2452 2454 2458 2460 2465 2470 2471 2472C 2474 2475 2476 2479 2483 2488 2489 2492 2496 2497 2499 2502 2503 2508 2509 2510 2511 2515 2518 2520 2523 2524 2528S 2530 2533 2539 2545 2546 2550 2551 2554 2557 2559S 2561 2562 2567 2571 2577 2579 2581 2585 2586 2590 2591 2592 2598 2603S 2604 2605 2606 2608S 2610 2612 2614 2616C 2620 2623 2624 2633 2635 2636 2637 2645 2650 2653 2656 2660 2673 2676 2680 2684 2685 2689 2691 2692 2693S 2702 2703 2705 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2714 2724C1 2727 2729 2730 2734 2737 2749 2754 2756 2760 2765 2766 2767 2770 2775 2779 2781 2787 2806 2808 2809 2810 2831
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1126

1B    αυτος αποδωσει σοι εν τω φαρω
2616*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

1C    αυτος αποδωσει εν τω φανερω
289 1235 1651 2521
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 4

1D    αυτος δωσει σοι εν τω φανερω
346
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

1E    αυτον αποδωσει σοι εν τω φανερω
1578
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

2    αποδωσει σοι
01 03 035 1 22 24 33 68 118 136 148 183 190 196 205 209 233C 244 269 305 334 379 493 529* 544 549 557 660* 726 730 775 793 844 931 943* 964 983 987 1019 1028 1060 1074 1113 1166 1178 1192 1200 1280 1292 1301* 1319 1321* 1375 1422 1463 1484 1519 1535 1542* 1558 1582* 1631* 1670 1814 2101 2109 2199 2224 2278* 2291* 2301 2472* 2478 2516 2525 2646 2694 2695 2701S 2724* 2724C2 2786 2812 2836
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 84

3    αποδωσει σοι εν τω φανερω
019 030 038 0250 4 5 7 13 19 26 27 31C 47 48 56 57 58 59 60 67 90 116 124 130 133 135S 143 144 149 154* 156 157 162 173 174 184 187 188 189 191 214 218 220 230 231 233* 238 240 243 247 248* 267 279 280 295 303 304 306 329 333 348 354 364 371 377 392 395 413 417 418 423 428 440 447 449 470 475 490 494 506 515 516* 529C 532 535 543 556 561* 568 577 582 585 591* 595 596 597 651 657 676 679 696 719 723 725 728 731 732 733 734 735 737 766 776 781 788 790 792 808 817 818 825 826 828 842 854 856 860 863 871 873 878 881* 889 892 901 926 927 929 934 943C 949 959 969C 970 972 974 980 996 1006 1009 1021 1035 1037 1042S 1043 1044 1057 1082 1084 1085 1093 1137 1138 1159 1160 1164 1214 1222 1230 1236 1247 1263 1279 1285 1291 1301C 1302 1314 1316 1318 1320 1321C 1333 1342 1350 1352 1353 1354 1356 1357 1358 1383 1386 1387 1391 1393 1396 1399 1403 1406 1415 1421 1424 1442 1453 1454 1455 1458 1465 1472 1480 1485 1495 1506 1534 1549 1553 1557 1563 1582C 1595 1601 1602 1623 1625 1630 1631C 1661 1678* 1685 1701 1780 1966 2100 2108 2117 2123 2126 2139 2146 2148 2206 2207 2220 2238 2283 2284 2291C 2295 2304 2317 2356* 2373C 2446 2477 2482 2487 2490 2494 2507 2555 2578 2583 2613 2622 2634 2658 2665 2670 2687 2713 2715 2718 2722 2726 2735 2745 2757 2774 2780 2788
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 281

3B    αποδωσω σοι εν τω φανερω
047 740 1130 1186 1695
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 5

3C    αποδωσει εν τω φανερω
1331
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

3D    αποδωσει σοι και εν τω φανερω
2107
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

3E    αποδωσει σοι τω φανερω
1797
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

4    αυτος αποδωσει σοι
05 75C 185* 365*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 4

5    αυτος αποδωσει εν τω φανερω
45 131
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 2

6    αποδωσει σοι αυτος εν τω φανερω
86 146 179 569 700 1170 1223 1413 2191 2375
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 10

U1    Homoeoteleuton: τον μισθον αυτων (6:2) [... τον μισθον αυτων (6:5)]
31* 38 552 1053 1288 1808* 2182
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 7

U2    Homoeoteleuton: εν ταις ρυμαις οπως (6:2) [... προσευχεσθαι οπως (6:5)]
113*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

V    Omission of 6:5 and 6:6
2615 2728S
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 2

Matt 4:10 οπισω μου

This variation represents one of the many places where the Textus Receptus deviates from the broad consensus of Greek manuscripts (for inclusion of οπισω μου see below, including C2 D E L M U Z Γ Ω 047 055 0211 33 [+1345 mss] b h l* sy-[s].c.h** sa-mss bo-mss). For another relatively significant deviation of the Textus Receptus from the consensus text, cf. the note on Matt 3:11.

A likely orthodox corruption occurred when a higher regard for the interpretation of the text over the text itself led to the removal of οπισω μου between the words υπαγε and Σατανα in a number of witnesses (ℵ B C*vid K P S V W Δ Σ 0233 f1.13 565 579* 700 892*vid [+145 mss] f k vg sy-p sa-ms mae1 bo; Ir-latvid Tert Or Hil). The same motivation may have caused orthodox scribes to remove υπαγε οπισω μου Σατανα from Luke 4:8 (ℵ B D L W Ξ f1 33 205 579 700 788 892* 2542 pc lat sy-s.p sa bo-pt), although the disruption there could have been caused by the command appearing before the end of Jesus' temptation in Luke's account.

Wettstein (1:272–3) demonstrates, beginning with Origen, the early and widespread notion that Jesus could not have said υπαγε οπισω μου to Satan, because (so Pseudo-Ignatius) it was impossible for Satan to turn and follow him, and (so Victor) because it is a good thing to be behind Jesus, and (so Jerome) because Jesus would not censure the Apostle Peter and Satan with the same words. Jerome even interprets Matt 16:23 in such a way that has Jesus directing the word υπαγε to the Devil, namely, "Go away," and υπαγε οπισω μου to Peter, namely, "follow my way." Wettstein charges: "It appears that this emendation [i.e., omission] arose from the cleverness of Origen, who also has deleted the words οπισω μου from unwilling manuscripts at Luke 4:8." Matthäi (54–5) similarly states: "I believe that οπισω μου was removed lest it appear that Peter and the Devil received the same response," and that although Euthymius Zigabenus thinks that Matthew did not write οπισω μου but that Luke did, according "to the other Greek interpreters οπισω μου should be removed both in Matthew and in Luke." Matthäi notes the Catena to Mark 8:33 that says: "But to Satan when he was tempting Jesus he did not say, 'Go behind me, Satan,' but 'Go, Satan;' but to Peter (Mark 8:33) while he was still a sinner, and therefore not yet behind Jesus, he said, ' Go behind me, Satan,' that is, 'follow me.'" Matthäi rightly argues, "But surely, if υπαγε οπισω μου signifies nothing but ακολουθει μοι ['follow me'], by no means would Christ have spoken such to the Devil." Many scribes and interpreters reasoned similarly and thus removed the words. Wettstein also notes the ludicrousness of Jesus commanding Satan to follow him.

Thus with good reason Griesbach (36–9) states that "the reading οπισω μου, inasmuch as it is more difficult, rougher, and more unusual, altogether must be preferred over the other, which by the omission of these words proves that some readers plucked out a scruple that was vexing to them," and that the οπισω μου is supported by "witnesses of the most diverse kind, conspiring among themselves in a friendly manner." Griesbach continues, "For we know that already Origen and Pseudo-Ignatius, whom Victor, Euthymius, Jerome, and others followed thereafter, were of this opinion, that υπαγειν οπισω τινος did not signify anything other than ακολουθειν τινι, and thus by a deliberate and judicious plan Jesus indeed said to Peter (Matt 16:23) υπαγε οπισω μου σατανα, but to the tempter υπαγε σατανα, without this addition. I voluntarily grant that the shorter reading was rather widely propagated especially due to the authority of Origen." Furthermore, Griesbach correctly states that the omission predates Origen, since Irenaeus and Tertullian do not quote the words, and thus Origen cannot be said to have created the omission, contrary to Wettstein's special pleading.

Kühnöl (100–01) concurs that the words were deleted "by those interpreters to whom the formula υπαγω οπισω μου did not appear to signify anything other than ακολουθειν τινι, and who therefore thought that indeed Jesus rightly could say to Peter in Matt 16:23, υπαγω οπισω μου Σατανα, but not however to that insidious one." He further judges that υπαγε οπισω μου actually stands for υπαγε απ εμου και ουκετι ακολουθει οπισω μου ['depart from me and no longer follow after me'], for "never does the formula υπαγε οπισω μου signify, 'Go behind me,' but οπισω μου rather indicates 'withdrawal' or 'departure' on account of the added word υπαγειν, neither even did Jesus command Peter, as Beza advises at Mark 8:33, to follow him from behind; for he who follows us from behind certainly does not depart. The opposite formula is spoken below in verse 19: δευτε οπισω μου, 'go after/behind me,' that is, 'follow me.' And so the words υπαγε οπισω μου denote: 'depart, get out of my sight' (geh mir aus den Augen), 'get thou away from me;' moreover this reading, inasmuch as it is the more difficult and is fortified by the authority of more than enough manuscripts, was very rightly received in succession by Griesbach, Matthäi, Knapp, Vaterus, and Scholz."

In short, there is no plausible reason why scribes would have wanted to add what most ancient commentators thought Jesus could not or would not have said to Satan, and consequently the motive was present and the temptation great for many to remove the words, not add them (from Matt 16:23). Finally, the presence of the words both here and in regard to Peter was a purposeful tactic to reveal to the reader the seriousness of Peter's improper motives. Cf. also Burgon (Traditional Text, 169–70) for many patristic citations and sources.


Text und Textwert #9 results:

1    υπαγε οπισω μου σατανα
04C2 05 07 019 021 030 035 036 045 047 055 0211 2 3 4C 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24C 26 28 29 30 31 33 35 37 38 40C 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61T 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 71 73 74 75 76 77 78 80 83 84 86 89 90 98 99 100 105 106 107 108 109 111 112 113 117 118S 119 120 121 122 123C 125 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135S 137 138 140 141 142 143 144 146 147 149 150 151C 152 153 155 156 157 160 162 163 165 167 170 171 174 178 179 180 182 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 195 198 199 200 201 202 204 205 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 217 218 219 220 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 243 244 245 246 247 248 251 259 260 261 262C 263 266 267 269 270 272 274 275 276 277C 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 290 291 293 296 297 298 299 300 301 303 304 305 306 310 324 329 330 331 333 343 344 345 346 348 349 350S 351 352 353 354 355 358 359 360 361 363 364 365 367 370 371 373 374 375C 376 377 380 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 402 405 406 408C 409 410 411C 412 413 414 415 418 419 422 423 428 431 435 438 439 440 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 470 471 473 475 476 477 479 480 482 483 484 485 489C 490 491 492 493 494 495 496C 497 498 500 501 504 505 506 508 509 510 511 512 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 529 530 532 534 535 537 543C 544 547 548C 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 560 561 563 564* 566C 568 569 571 573 574 575 577 578 579C 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 590 591C 592 596 597 645 649 651 655 657 660 662 664 666 668 672 676 677C 679 680 683 684 685 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 696 697 703 706 708 709 711 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 722 723 724* 725 726 727 728 729 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 740 741 744 745 746 747 750 751 752 753 754 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 765 766 768S 769 772S 773 774 775 776 778 779 780C 781 782 783 785 786 787 789S 790 791 792 794 795 796 797 798 799 801 803 804 806 808 811 817 818 819 820 822 824 825 827 828 830S 833 834 835 836 839C 842 843 844 845 851 852 854 855 856 858 860 861 863 864 871C 872C 873 875 877 878 880 886 888 889 890 891 892C 893 895 896C 899C1 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 948 949 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 978 979 980 982 983 986 987 988 989 992 994C 995 996 997 998 999 1000 1001 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1023 1024 1025 1026 1029 1030 1032 1033 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042S 1043 1044 1046 1047S 1048 1050 1052 1053 1054S 1057C 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1068 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078C 1081 1082 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1095 1096 1097 1110 1111 1113 1114 1117 1120 1121 1122 1123 1125 1126 1127 1131 1132 1133 1136 1137 1138 1139 1144 1145 1146 1148 1149 1152 1155 1158 1159 1160 1163 1164 1165 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1173 1174 1179 1180 1181 1182 1185 1186 1187C 1188 1189 1190 1191C 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200S 1202 1203 1204 1207 1208 1209C 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219C 1221C 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237 1238C 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1247 1248 1250 1251 1252 1253 1260 1261 1262 1263 1266 1268 1269 1273 1278 1279 1280 1282 1285 1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1294 1296 1297 1298 1299 1301 1302 1305 1309 1310S 1312 1314C 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1322 1323 1324 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1333C 1334 1335 1336 1338 1339 1340 1341 1345 1346 1350 1352 1353 1354 1356 1357 1358 1359 1362 1364 1365 1367 1375 1377 1383 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1406 1408 1409 1410 1413 1414S 1415 1416 1418 1420 1421 1424 1432 1434 1435 1436 1439 1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450 1454 1455S 1456 1457 1460C 1461 1462 1463 1465 1466 1467 1468 1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1479 1480 1481 1482 1483C 1484 1485 1487 1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498C 1499 1501 1502 1503 1505 1506 1508 1510 1511 1519 1521 1528 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1539 1540 1541 1542C 1543 1544 1545 1547 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1563 1570 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581C 1582C 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589C 1590 1591 1592 1594 1595 1597 1600 1601 1602 1604 1605 1606 1608 1609 1613 1615 1617 1620 1622 1623 1624 1625 1628 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 1637 1639 1641 1642 1643 1645 1646 1647 1649 1651 1652 1653 1660 1661 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1670 1671 1675 1676 1678 1680 1682 1685 1686 1687 1688 1690 1691C 1692 1693 1694 1695 1697 1698 1699 1700 1702 1703 1704 1712 1713 1780 1797 1800 1802 1808 1813 1814 1816 1823 1901 1966 2095 2097 2099 2107 2112 2117 2118 2120 2122 2123 2127 2131 2132 2135 2141 2142 2146 2147 2148 2159 2172 2173C 2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2182 2191 2193C 2195 2201 2204S 2206 2207 2213 2215 2217 2220 2221 2229 2236 2238 2255 2260 2261 2263 2265 2266 2273 2277 2278 2280 2281 2283 2284 2290S 2291 2292 2295 2296 2297 2301 2304 2306 2314C 2315 2317 2322 2323 2324 2328 2352 2354 2355 2356 2367 2369C 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2382 2383 2386 2387 2388 2390 2394 2397 2400 2404 2405 2406 2407 2414 2420 2422 2426 2430 2439 2442 2444 2446 2450 2451 2452 2454 2458 2465 2467 2470 2471 2472 2475 2476 2477 2478 2482 2483 2487 2488 2489 2490 2492 2494 2496 2497 2499 2502 2503 2508 2509 2510 2511 2518 2520 2521 2523 2524 2525 2528S 2530 2533 2539 2545 2546 2550 2554 2555 2557 2561 2562 2567 2577 2578 2579 2581 2583 2590S 2591S 2592 2598 2603 2604C 2605 2606 2608S 2610 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 2620 2622 2623 2624 2633 2635 2636 2637C 2645 2646* 2650 2651S 2653 2656 2658 2660 2665 2666 2670 2673 2676 2685 2687 2689S 2691 2692 2693S 2694 2695 2697 2701S 2702 2703 2705 2706 2707 2709S 2710 2713 2714 2715 2718 2721 2724 2726 2727 2728S 2729 2730 2734 2735 2745 2749 2753 2756 2757 2760 2765 2766 2767 2770 2773 2774 2775 2779 2780 2781 2786 2788C 2806 2808 2809 2810 2812C 2831 2835 2836
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1348

1B    υπαγε μου σατανα
1191*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

2    υπαγε σατανα
01 03 04* 017 024 028 031 032 037 042 0233 1 4* 6 13 14 22 24* 27* 34 36 39 40* 61L 72 114 123* 124 136 148 151* 158 161 164 169 173 183 194 196 240 262* 265 268 271 273 277* 278 289 334 372 375* 379 399 408* 411* 420 461 472 478 481 489* 496* 507 513 527 528 543* 546 548* 564C 565 566* 579* 591* 600 677* 699 700 707 724C 730 755 777 780* 788 793 809 826 837 839* 871* 872* 892* 896* 899* 899C2 947 951 994* 1057* 1078* 1079 1080 1083 1118 1135 1166 1172 1178 1187* 1205 1206 1209* 1219* 1221* 1238* 1281 1303 1313 1314* 1321 1325 1333* 1347 1355 1422* 1422C2 1438 1452 1458 1460* 1464S 1470 1478 1483* 1486 1498* 1542* 1546 1581* 1582* 1589* 1603 1629 1640 1672 1691* 2101 2109 2126 2133 2173* 2181 2193* 2199 2224 2267 2287 2314* 2321 2362* 2369* 2381 2411 2415 2479 2507 2516 2559S 2571 2585 2604* 2637* 2646C 2680 2684 2708 2737 2754 2812*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 180

3    υπαγε οπισω σατανα
27C 51 1272 1422C1 2362C
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 5

4    υπαγε σατανα οπισω μου
652 2223 2474
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 3

5    σατανα
2788*
NUMBER OF WITNESSES: 1

Matt 3:10 δε και

     A few manuscripts (ℵ B C Ds M W Δ 0233 f1 700 pc co) omit και after δε either by accident or because it was considered redundant. Erasmus (2:19) notes the και is "not an idle conjunction, for it indicates with an increase in force that imminent danger approaches." Wettstein (1:265) follows Erasmus, and Griesbach (1:24–5), noting the same motivation behind the omission of και in Codex Bezae (D/05) at the parallel passage of Luke 3:9, says it was omitted because it appeared superfluous and that scribes failed to understand its force. Such especially applies to the versions, which in turn could have influenced the omission in some Greek copies. Fritzsche (131–2) rightly cautions that just because ηδη δε και was common among Greek writers does not mean that the και would have been spared from tampering had it for some reason been deemed unsuitable, and that at first glance δε pertains to the entire sentence to focus and multiply its greater intensity, and thus the και was thought unnecessary; yet the και indicates that the ax was even brought near to the trees, which, as Kühnöl (70) who says και was wrongly omitted notes, frequently refer to mankind in Scripture (Ps 1:3; Matt 7:17–19; John 15:1; Rom 11:17, etc.). Bloomfield (Annotations, 2–3) notes that the harshness of the construction lowers the possibility that και was introduced from harmonization to Luke 3:9, and that it was removed because it was thought to overload the construction, as was the και that is omitted in some manuscripts in Luke 5:35 (ℵ C F L M Θ f1.13 [and many late minuscules], etc.). Matthew is not unaccustomed to using δε και at the beginning of clauses (10:18 [versus Mark 13:9 and Luke 21:12]; 10:30 [versus Luke 12:7]; 18:17; 24:49 [versus Luke 12:45, which has τε και]; 25:22, 24 [versus Luke 19:18, 20], etc.). Moreover, examples may be multiplied where scribes, and especially the originators of the versions, opted to omit either δε or και when encountering the δε και combination (Matt 25:22 [δε omitted by ℵ B pc sa]; 26:35 [δε omitted by ℵ B C D L 067vid 0281 33 70 al lat sy mae bo-mss]; 27:41 [δε omitted by B K Θ f1.13 33 565 700 al lat sy-[s].p bo-pt; δε και omitted by ℵ A L W pc bo-pt]; Mark 14:31 [δε omitted by B f1 579 pc a c k sa-mss bo-ms]; Luke 6:6 [και omitted by ℵ B L X f1.13 33 pc it co sy-s.c]; 18:1 [και omitted by ℵ B L f13 pc a b c q co], etc.). See also Scholz (1:clxv), who similarly argues against the Alexandrian tampering of the intrinsically Lukan construction verb + δε και. Thus both internal and external evidence firmly support the authenticity of και. Cf. also the note on Matt 1:22 regarding scribal propensity toward omission over addition.